{"id":1244,"date":"2019-08-19T13:04:32","date_gmt":"2019-08-19T17:04:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.genealogiequebec.com\/blog\/?p=1244\/"},"modified":"2022-12-14T16:53:24","modified_gmt":"2022-12-14T21:53:24","slug":"understanding-the-linguistic-variation-in-your-ancestors-names","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.genealogiequebec.com\/blog\/en\/2019\/08\/19\/understanding-the-linguistic-variation-in-your-ancestors-names\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding the linguistic variation in your ancestors\u2019 names"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Your genealogical research might have left you with the impression that your ancestors liked to change names quite often. The concept of\u00a0\u201cdit names\u201d<\/em>, which was the subject of a\u00a0previous blog post<\/a>, sheds light on a part of this variation, which can be obscure to a present-day observer.<\/p>\n

Although baptism was the cornerstone of civil identity in French Canada for four centuries, this identity was not, until the beginning of the 20th<\/sup>\u00a0century, as constraining as it is today. It was not unusual for an individual to use different first and last names in the course of a lifetime. This phenomenon is fostered by the orthographic instability of proper names, the flexibility of the civil registration system as well as illiteracy.<\/p>\n

This article offers some tips to keep in mind in order to locate all the occurrences of your ancestors in the archives.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/a>
Do not cross without looking both ways – A name may hide another!\u00a0<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Do not rely on spelling<\/h1>\n
\n

This tip may seem trivial to experienced genealogists, but it is a very handy one. For example, the ancestor of the H\u00e9tu family would spell his name Estur. The silent \u2039\u00a0s\u00a0\u203a and \u2039\u00a0r\u00a0\u203a were orthographic relics, for which the French language is renowned. The \u2039\u00a0h\u00a0\u203a was added over the years as an ornamental letter.<\/p>\n

Orthographic variation should not be systematically attributed to illiteracy, as evidenced by the H\u00e9nault family. Four members of this educated and wealthy family signed, in 1816, the marriage record of Honor\u00e9 H\u00e9nault and\u00a0Julienne Mailloux and spelled their last name three different ways: H\u00e9nault, Heneault and Eno. The priest chose the unaccented variant Henault.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Honor\u00e9 Henault and Julienne Mailloux’s marriage record – Source: Record\u00a02352319, LAFRANCE, GenealogyQuebec.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Before standardization of proper names, their spelling would be determined to some extent by the whims of the priest, the notary and the individual him or herself.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Keep in mind that language changes<\/h1>\n
\n

Most\u00a0Di<\/strong>ons are patronymic descendants of pioneer Jean\u00a0Guy<\/strong>on. How is that possible? First, note that Guyon is pronounced Guee-yon and not Gu-yon. Nowadays, hard \u2039\u00a0g\u00a0\u203a is articulated at the velum while \u2039\u00a0d\u00a0\u203a is articulated behind the upper front teeth. However, in the past, \u2039\u00a0g\u00a0\u203a, when followed by a vowel pronounced from the front of the mouth like \u2039\u00a0ee\u00a0\u203a, tended to move forward. This linguistic process induced a shift from Guyon to Dion.<\/p>\n

Guy<\/strong>ot, which derives from the first name Guy just like Guyon, went through a parallel transformation and gave birth to\u00a0Di<\/strong>otte. However, some names went the opposite way: Pierre Andi<\/strong>ran is the ancestor of all Langui<\/strong>rands.<\/p>\n

Similarly, the\u00a0Ch<\/strong>iasson and\u00a0G<\/strong>iasson families share the same origin. Only the vibration of the vocal folds in the onset of the word separates those two names. In the absence of a fixed spelling, this phonetic feature was likely to fluctuate across regions, time periods and individuals. Like Guyon and Dion, these two names are two sides of the same coin.<\/p>\n

Vowels are also impacted by linguistic change. Maybe you will be surprised to learn that most Ha<\/strong>rveys from Quebec did not receive their name from an Anglo-Saxon immigrant. It rather comes from the name He<\/strong>rv\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Be on the lookout for deleted or added sounds<\/h1>\n
\n

The absence of a strict orthographic norm when it comes to proper nouns opens the door to oral variation. Certain sounds and syllables have a natural tendency to appear or disappear according to their position in the word.<\/p>\n

One reason for adding segments is the introduction of definite articles\u00a0le<\/em>,\u00a0la<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0l\u2019<\/em>(the) in front of last names: it was usual to call people\u00a0le Gagnon<\/em>,\u00a0la Corriveau<\/em>\u00a0(a famous folkloric and historical figure) or\u00a0l\u2019Andiran<\/em>. Reinterpretation of this structure in a merged form completes the shift from Andiran to\u00a0L<\/strong>anguirand.<\/p>\n

Now, pronounce Reguindeau (Ruh-guin-do) out loud, then Reyindeau (Ruh-yin-do). You will probably notice the similarity between the two forms, and how easy it is to go from one to the other. The change from hard \u2039\u00a0g\u00a0\u203a to \u2039\u00a0y\u00a0\u203a is an example of\u00a0palatalization<\/em>. English\u00a0y<\/em><\/strong>ellow<\/em>\u00a0is linked to German\u00a0g<\/em><\/strong>elb<\/em>\u00a0through the same process. You might have recognized the French-Canadian last name Riendeau (Ryin-do), inherited from Joachim Reguindeau from La Rochelle, France.<\/p>\n

The pioneer Fran\u00e7ois Amirault dit Tourangeau offers another example of deletion: most of his patronymic descendants use the name Mireault or an orthographic variant. The reverse phenomenon can also be found as the female first name Z\u00e9lie produced Az\u00e9lie.<\/p>\n

The alternation between first names that are essentially distinguished by a few additional sounds can be found without regard for etymological cognateness. In French Canada, \u00c9lisabe<\/strong>th and its ancient derivative Isabelle behaved as two variants of the same name until the 19th<\/sup>\u00a0century. However, Dom<\/strong>itille<\/strong>\u00a0& Mathilde, J\u00e9r\u00e9mie<\/strong>\u00a0& R\u00e9mi, Apolline<\/strong>\u00a0& Pauline as well as Napol\u00e9on<\/strong>, Paul & L\u00e9on are not related.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Detect shared consonants, vowels and syllables<\/h1>\n
\n

\u00a0Beyond truncated segments, some names share more subtle similarities that explain why they have often been mixed up, or even used interchangeably.<\/p>\n

Apolli<\/strong>ne & Hippoly<\/strong>te,\u00a0J\u00e9r<\/strong>\u00e9m<\/strong>ie &\u00a0Germ<\/strong>ain,\u00a0Mathi<\/strong>lde &\u00a0Ma<\/strong>rti<\/strong>ne as well as Alic<\/strong>e & \u00c9lis<\/strong>e illustrate this phenomenon. In other cases, the similarities seem even more tenuous. It is improbable that a present-day genealogist would spontaneously perceive a link between Ang<\/strong>\u00e9li<\/strong>que,\u00a0Julie<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0Ju<\/strong>di<\/strong>th. Yet records show that these three first names have often been used alternately.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
All of the appearances of Marie Ang\u00e9lique (Judith, Julie) Desgranges in the\u00a0PRDH-IGD.com\u00a0records, illustrating the interchangeability of these first names throughout the records.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Focus on the most distinctive part<\/h1>\n
\n

\u00a0A first name with a rare ending is susceptible to be substituted with other names that share the same characteristic. It is the case of David & Ovide or Stanislas & Wenceslas.<\/p>\n

The most distinctive part of a first name, or even a last name, sometimes acts as a nucleus that can be completed with a variety of prefixes and suffixes. Thus, Rose generates Rosalie, Rosanna, Rosina and Rosa. The female first names structured around the nucleus \u2039\u00a0del\u00a0\u203a provide another example. By varying starts and endings, this group includes Ad\u00e8le, Ad\u00e9la\u00efde, Adeline, D\u00e9lie, D\u00e9lina, D\u00e9lia, D\u00e9lima, Odeline and even Odile, which are not all etymologically related but came to sound alike and sometimes be used alike.<\/p>\n

Similarly, it is not surprising that Brunet is occasionally substituted with Bruneau or Brunel, and Gendreau may alternate with Gendron.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Know the first name combinations inspired by the saints<\/h1>\n
\n

\u00a0To shed light on this last type of variation, religion rather than linguistics comes in handy. Some saints\u2019 and blesseds\u2019 names are composed of several parts, with Jean Baptiste (John the Baptist) being the most well-known. An individual may use one part or another. Thus, Rose de Lima (Rose of Lima) paves the way for Rose and its sisters Rosalie, Rosanna, Rosa, as well as D\u00e9lima and even D\u00e9lina.<\/p>\n

Fran\u00e7ois Xavier (Francis Xavier), Jean Fran\u00e7ois R\u00e9gis (John Francis Regis), Jeanne Fran\u00e7oise Fr\u00e9myot de Chantal (Jane Frances de Chantal) and Marie des Anges (Mary of the Angels), among others, also open the door to alternation between their parts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

The resemblance function in the LAFRANCE and on PRDH-IGD.com<\/h1>\n
\n

\u00a0The resemblance (or likeliness) function available on the search engines of both\u00a0PRDH-IGD<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0GenealogyQuebec.com<\/a>‘s\u00a0LAFRANCE\u00a0<\/em>will neutralize some of this variation, making genealogical research easier.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
PRDH-IGD.com search engine with the Likeness function activated<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

For example, searching for \u201cMathilde\u201d will generate a list containing women named Mathilde, Domitille, Martine, Donatille, M\u00e9litime, M\u00e9theld\u00e9e and Militilde, with their various spellings.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Marielle C\u00f4t\u00e9-Gendreau
\nStudent and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al’s Programme de recherche en d\u00e9mographie historique (PRDH) collaborator.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Your genealogical research might have left you with the impression that your ancestors liked to change names quite often. The concept of\u00a0\u201cdit names\u201d, which was the subject of a\u00a0previous blog post, sheds light on a part of this variation, which can be obscure to a present-day observer. Although baptism was the cornerstone of civil identity … <\/p>\n

Continue reading “Understanding the linguistic variation in your ancestors\u2019 names”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles-en"],"yoast_head":"\r\nUnderstanding the linguistic variation in your ancestors\u2019 names - G\u00e9n\u00e9alogie et histoire du Qu\u00e9bec<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.genealogiequebec.com\/blog\/en\/2019\/08\/19\/understanding-the-linguistic-variation-in-your-ancestors-names\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Understanding the linguistic variation in your ancestors\u2019 names - G\u00e9n\u00e9alogie et histoire du Qu\u00e9bec\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Your genealogical research might have left you with the impression that your ancestors liked to change names quite often. 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