{"id":2574,"date":"2021-07-07T15:56:19","date_gmt":"2021-07-07T19:56:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.genealogiequebec.com\/blog\/?p=2574\/"},"modified":"2021-07-07T15:56:22","modified_gmt":"2021-07-07T19:56:22","slug":"nos-ancetres-esclavagistes-partie-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.genealogiequebec.com\/blog\/2021\/07\/07\/nos-ancetres-esclavagistes-partie-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Nos anc\u00eatres esclavagistes, partie 1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ma derni\u00e8re publication,\u00a0La trace des <\/a>esclaves <\/a>dans les registres de la Nouvelle-France<\/a><\/em>, a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 comment la pr\u00e9sence d’esclaves autochtones et noirs sur le territoire du Qu\u00e9bec est d\u00e9celable au travers des archives paroissiales. Cette premi\u00e8re \u00e9tude n\u2019est que le d\u00e9but des d\u00e9couvertes fascinantes \u00e0 faire sur cette population peu document\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/a>
Source:\u00a0Benjamin Henry Latrobe, An Overseer Doing His Duty, 1795, The Maryland Historical Society <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce nouvel article d\u00e9montrera que l\u2019esclavage a \u00e9t\u00e9 omnipr\u00e9sent dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne-fran\u00e7aise, surtout pendant le XVIIIe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, et ce dans les diff\u00e9rentes classes sociales. En effet, il est commun de penser que la pratique de l\u2019esclavage \u00e9tait exclusive \u00e0 l’\u00e9lite de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Or, des fermiers, des forgerons, des marchands, des membres du clerg\u00e9 et des gouverneurs ont asservi des autochtones et des noirs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les archives paroissiales disponibles sur le site de recherche G\u00e9n\u00e9alogie Qu\u00e9bec<\/a> de l\u2019Institut Drouin nous permettent de retrouver les propri\u00e9taires d\u2019esclaves chez la noblesse, mais aussi chez les roturiers. Par exemple, les s\u0153urs de la congr\u00e9gation, membres du clerg\u00e9, auront poss\u00e9d\u00e9 un total de cinq esclaves entre 1733 et 1796, dont deux dites Panisses<\/em>, une Renarde<\/em>, deux Pout\u00e9outamises<\/em> ainsi qu\u2019un homme noir nomm\u00e9 Paul \u00c9tienne :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u00ab Le vingt neuf novembre mile sept cent soixante et douze par moy pretre sousign\u00e9 a et\u00e9 inhume dans le cimeti\u00e8re proche la poudriere le corps de paul \u00e9tienne [noir] appartenant au s\u0153ur de la Congregation, deced\u00e9 d\u2019hier a l\u2019hopital \u00e2g\u00e9 d\u2019environ soixante dix ans ont \u00e9t\u00e9s presens monsieur fortin et pierre baron bedeau qui ont sousign\u00e9s [sic] \u00bb<\/em>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/a>
Source: Acte\u00a0363708, LAFRANCE, GenealogieQuebec.com<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul \u00c9tienne a fort probablement \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 ou vendu aux s\u0153urs de la Congr\u00e9gation en raison de son grand \u00e2ge qui le rendait inutile \u00e0 la famille l\u2019ayant asservi. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 baptis\u00e9 seulement 1 an et 2 mois avant son d\u00e9c\u00e8s; ce sont les seuls \u00e9l\u00e9ments de sa vie qui nous sont parvenus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le roi de France est r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement mentionn\u00e9 dans les archives paroissiales en tant que propri\u00e9taire d\u2019esclaves. En effet, nous retrouvons un total de 26 esclaves recens\u00e9s ayant v\u00e9cu en Nouvelle-France et ayant appartenu au roi Louis XV. Curieusement, la France tient \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque un discours de terre libre n\u2019ayant pas recours \u00e0 l\u2019esclavage. (Peabody, 1996 : 3). Ainsi, plusieurs Fran\u00e7ais et Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois seront \u00e9tonn\u00e9s de savoir que leurs anc\u00eatres ont asservi des hommes et des femmes autant sur le territoire du Nouveau-Monde que sur le Vieux continent.<\/em> (Boulle, 2007).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parmi les esclaves du roi, nous retrouvons ces deux Panisses<\/em> inhum\u00e9es au m\u00eame moment :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u00ab Le onze novembre mil sept cent cinquante six a \u00e9t\u00e9 inhum\u00e9 dans le cimeti\u00e8re de lhopital general les corps de deux petits panisses appartenant au Roy d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s du jour pr\u00e9sents, ondoy\u00e9s dans la sale. A \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent Mr<\/sup> Curatteau ecclisiastique qui a sign\u00e9 [sic] \u00bb<\/em>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/a>
Source: Acte\u00a0303757, LAFRANCE, GenealogieQuebec.com<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nous ne connaissons ni l\u2019\u00e2ge ni le nom de ces deux jeunes panisses<\/em>; elles ont perdu leurs voix. Celles-ci auraient probablement effectu\u00e9 des t\u00e2ches domestiques pour l\u2019h\u00f4pital ou auraient occup\u00e9 un autre emploi servant le bien de la population et du roi. Nous ne pouvons que sp\u00e9culer sur leur situation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s une condamnation \u00e0 mort pour tentative de fuite en Martinique, l’esclave noir Mathieu L\u00e9veill\u00e9 se voit offrir la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9viter sa sentence \u00e0 condition de migrer vers le Canada et d\u2019y devenir ma\u00eetre des hautes \u0153uvres de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/em> sous le roi de France. Ce travail consistait \u00e0 effectuer l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 mort ainsi que les tortures. Il fut d\u2019ailleurs le tortionnaire de Marie-Jos\u00e8phe-Ang\u00e9lique, une esclave noire accus\u00e9e d\u2019avoir mis feu \u00e0 la ville de Montr\u00e9al. Il meurt 10 ans apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e sur le territoire, durant lesquelles il est hospitalis\u00e9 11 fois. Cet esclave au destin tragique aura fui une mort certaine en Martinique pour venir imposer la peine de mort aux criminels de la Nouvelle-France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u00ab Le dixieme Septembre mil sept cent quarante trois a \u00e9t\u00e9 enterr\u00e9 dans le cimeti\u00e8re de l\u2019h\u00f4tel Dieu de quebec le corps de mathieu [noir] maitre des hautes \u0153uvres mort le jour pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u00e2g\u00e9 d\u2019environ trente quatre ans et muni des sacrements de penitence et d\u2019extreme onction ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sente Jean Baptiste le fort devilleneuve et Louis rose dit Belle fleur lesquels ont sign\u00e9 avec nous [sic] \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/a>
Source: Acte 169488, LAFRANCE, GenealogieQuebec.com<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re partie de cet article a permis de montrer que l\u2019asservissement d\u2019autochtones et de noirs \u00e9tait largement accept\u00e9 dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, m\u00eame si cela n\u2019\u00e9tait pas la norme en France. Dans la seconde partie de cet article, nous ferons l\u2019observation d\u2019esclaves vivant dans des foyers de la population roturi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cathie-Anne Dupuis,
MSc D\u00e9mographie,
Candidate au doctorat en histoire.

BILBIOGRAPHIE <\/strong>
Boulle, Pierre H. 2007. Race et esclavage dans la France de l\u2019Ancien R\u00e9gime. Paris, France: Perrin.
Peabody, Sue. 1996. \u00ab There are no slaves in France \u00bb\u202f: the political culture of race and slavery in the Ancien R\u00e9gime. New York\u202f; Oxford: Oxford University Press.\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ma derni\u00e8re publication,\u00a0La trace des esclaves dans les registres de la Nouvelle-France, a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 comment la pr\u00e9sence d’esclaves autochtones et noirs sur le territoire du Qu\u00e9bec est d\u00e9celable au travers des archives paroissiales. Cette premi\u00e8re \u00e9tude n\u2019est que le d\u00e9but des d\u00e9couvertes fascinantes \u00e0 faire sur cette population peu document\u00e9e. Ce nouvel article d\u00e9montrera que … <\/p>\n

Continuer la lecture de « Nos anc\u00eatres esclavagistes, partie 1 »<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles"],"yoast_head":"\r\nNos anc\u00eatres esclavagistes, partie 1 - G\u00e9n\u00e9alogie et histoire du Qu\u00e9bec<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.genealogiequebec.com\/blog\/2021\/07\/07\/nos-ancetres-esclavagistes-partie-1\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nos anc\u00eatres esclavagistes, partie 1 - G\u00e9n\u00e9alogie et histoire du Qu\u00e9bec\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ma derni\u00e8re publication,\u00a0La trace des esclaves dans les registres de la Nouvelle-France, a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 comment la pr\u00e9sence d’esclaves autochtones et noirs sur le territoire du Qu\u00e9bec est d\u00e9celable au travers des archives paroissiales. 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