{"id":2591,"date":"2021-07-14T15:36:28","date_gmt":"2021-07-14T19:36:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.genealogiequebec.com\/blog\/?p=2591\/"},"modified":"2021-07-14T15:36:31","modified_gmt":"2021-07-14T19:36:31","slug":"nos-ancetres-esclavagistes-partie-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.genealogiequebec.com\/blog\/2021\/07\/14\/nos-ancetres-esclavagistes-partie-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Nos anc\u00eatres esclavagistes, partie 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cet article fait suite \u00e0 celui publi\u00e9 le 7 juillet 2021<\/a> et vise \u00e0 mettre en \u00e9vidence la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019autochtones et de noirs asservis au sein de la population fran\u00e7aise et anglaise de la vall\u00e9e Laurentienne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Source : Cr\u00e9ation Bernard Duchesne<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un cas bien connu d\u2019un membre de l\u2019\u00e9lite ayant poss\u00e9d\u00e9 des esclaves \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al est celui de James McGill. Ce grand marchand devenu magistrat et membre du conseil qui constitue le gouvernement de Montr\u00e9al aura eu au moins cinq esclaves (McGill, 2021), dont Marie-Louise, une esclave noire :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le six f\u00e9vrier mil sept cent quatrevingt neuf, par moi pr\u00eatre soussign\u00e9, a \u00e9t\u00e9 inhum\u00e9 dans le cimeti\u00e8re proche de l\u2019\u00e9glise, le corps de Marie Louise [Noire]appartenant a Mr<\/sup> Mcguil Ecuier Juge \u00e0 paix, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e d\u2019hier, a l\u2019Hotel Dieu de St Joseph, \u00e2g\u00e9e de ____ ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent les sieur Baron et Duransaux montres soussign\u00e9s. Andr\u00e9 Baron\u00a0 [sic]\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Acte de s\u00e9pulture de Marie Louise.
Source: Acte\u00a0572200, LAFRANCE, GenealogieQuebec.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La croyance populaire veut que les esclaves du Qu\u00e9bec ancien appartenaient surtout aux nobles de la Nouvelle-France. Or, seulement 38% des esclaves \u00e9taient asservis par des membres de cette strate sociale selon les informations disponibles aujourd’hui. 31% des esclaves appartenaient aux marchands, puis 31% des personnes asservies \u00e9taient sous le joug des membres des strates sociales plus basses, entre autres les voyageurs, les forgerons et les cultivateurs (Dupuis, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parmi cette derni\u00e8re strate de la population, nous retrouvons Fran\u00e7ois Campeau, un forgeron et un esclavagiste de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration qui a poss\u00e9d\u00e9 au moins deux esclaves autochtones : Marguerite, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e \u00e0 15 ans, et une anonyme, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e \u00e0 13 ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00ab Lan mil sept cent trente sept le huit de janvier, je soussign\u00e9 Jean Bouffandeau pretre du seminaire de (?)ay inhum\u00e9 dans le cimeti\u00e8re des pauvres le corps de Marguerite sauvagesse \u00e2g\u00e9e d\u2019environ quinze ans ayant appartenant a Francois Campau forgeron d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 hier en la communion de laditte \u00c9glise Romaine ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent led. Campeau et Simon Mongino\u00a0 [sic]\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Acte de s\u00e9pulture de Marguerite.
Source: Acte 151707, LAFRANCE, GenealogieQuebec.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quelles \u00e9taient les t\u00e2ches effectu\u00e9es par Marguerite chez ce forgeron? Pourquoi vivait-elle dans ce foyer? Il est difficile de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces questions, mais les archives biographiques nous permettent de sp\u00e9culer sur son quotidien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fran\u00e7ois Campeau, mari\u00e9 en 1698 \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al \u00e0 Marie-Madeleine Brossard, aura un total de 14 enfants. Marie-Madeleine d\u00e9c\u00e8de en 1729, ce qui pourrait correspondre \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e d\u2019achat de Marguerite. Nous ne connaissons pas la date d\u2019arriv\u00e9e de Marguerite en Nouvelle-France, mais nous savons que les esclaves autochtones arrivaient jeunes sur le territoire (Trudel, 2004).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si c\u2019est le cas, elle serait alors arriv\u00e9e dans la famille Campeau aux alentours de 8 ans et la maisonn\u00e9e aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 compos\u00e9e de Fran\u00e7ois Campeau ainsi que 6 de ses gar\u00e7ons et 3 de ses filles, tous c\u00e9libataires et \u00e2g\u00e9s de 11 \u00e0 30 ans. Il serait donc tout \u00e0 fait possible que Marguerite, autochtone asservie, effectuait des t\u00e2ches domestiques dans le m\u00e9nage pour aider aux besoins de la famille suite au d\u00e9c\u00e8s de Marie-Madeleine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s\u2019av\u00e8re que les Campeau deviendront une grande famille esclavagiste. Le p\u00e8re de Fran\u00e7ois Campeau, \u00c9tienne Campeau, est le premier d\u2019une lign\u00e9e de cinq g\u00e9n\u00e9rations de propri\u00e9taires d\u2019esclaves. Sans \u00eatre tr\u00e8s riches et issus de professions modestes telles que ma\u00e7on, charpentier et forgeron, cette famille b\u00e2tie un r\u00e9seau esclavagiste s\u2019\u00e9talant de Montr\u00e9al \u00e0 D\u00e9troit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Campeau n\u2019est pas un cas isol\u00e9. Des recherches biographiques nous ont permis d\u2019en conna\u00eetre davantage sur les diff\u00e9rentes familles esclavagistes, entre autres les familles Demers, Boyer, Hervieux et Parent, qui auront des esclaves pendant au moins trois g\u00e9n\u00e9rations. S\u2019ajoutent les familles riches esclavagistes : les Baby, les Tarieu de Lap\u00e9rade, les Lemoyne de Longueil, les Lacorne Saint-Luc et les Fleury D\u2019eschambeault, pour ne nommer que celles-ci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Plaque comm\u00e9morative d’Olivier Le Jeune, premier esclave et r\u00e9sident africain en Nouvelle-France<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On trouve m\u00eame la trace d\u2019esclaves chez les familles des deux derniers Premiers ministres du Qu\u00e9bec : Guillaume Couillard (anc\u00eatre direct de Philippe Couillard), propri\u00e9taire d\u2019Olivier Le Jeune, premier esclave noir connu sur le territoire, et Charles Legault Deslauriers p\u00e8re (anc\u00eatre direct de Fran\u00e7ois Legault), propri\u00e9taire d\u2019une jeune Panise autochtone d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e \u00e0 10 ans :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00ab Le cinq aout mil septcent soixante et sept a \u00e9t\u00e9 inhum\u00e9 dans le cimeti\u00e8re le corps d\u2019une panise Baptis\u00e9e d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e d\u2019hier \u00e2g\u00e9e d\u2019une dixaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es appartenante a Charles Legault dit deslauriers pere. A \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent jacques perrier led au qui a sign\u00e9 avec moy\u00a0 [sic]\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e9pulture de la Panise appartenant \u00e0 Charles Legault.
Source: Acte\u00a0368509, LAFRANCE, GenealogieQuebec.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En conclusion, j\u2019esp\u00e8re avoir d\u00e9montr\u00e9 avec cet article que les propri\u00e9taires d\u2019esclaves n\u2019\u00e9taient pas n\u00e9cessairement bien nantis et appartenaient \u00e0 des milieux et classes vari\u00e9s. On retrouve en Nouvelle-France des esclaves noirs et autochtones chez plusieurs familles et institutions, dans toutes les strates sociales, ainsi que dans toutes les r\u00e9gions de la vall\u00e9e Laurentienne, de la Gasp\u00e9sie \u00e0 D\u00e9troit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cathie-Anne Dupuis
MSc D\u00e9mographie,
Candidate au doctorat en histoire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BIBLIOGRAPHIE<\/strong>
Dupuis, 2020. \u00c9tude compar\u00e9e de la mortalit\u00e9 des esclaves noirs et des esclaves autochtones du Qu\u00e9bec ancien (1632 \u2013 1834)<\/em>, m\u00e9moire en d\u00e9mographie, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al.
McGill, 2020. Qui \u00e9tait James McGill? James McGill \u2013 1744-1813<\/em>, [en ligne] URL : https:\/\/www.mcgill.ca\/about\/fr\/histoire\/jamesmcgill<\/a> (page consult\u00e9e le 6 juillet 2021)
Trudel, Marcel, et Micheline D\u2019Allaire. 2004. Deux si\u00e8cles d\u2019esclavage au Qu\u00e9bec. Montr\u00e9al: Hurtubise HMH.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cet article fait suite \u00e0 celui publi\u00e9 le 7 juillet 2021 et vise \u00e0 mettre en \u00e9vidence la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019autochtones et de noirs asservis au sein de la population fran\u00e7aise et anglaise de la vall\u00e9e Laurentienne. Source : Cr\u00e9ation Bernard Duchesne Un cas bien connu d\u2019un membre de l\u2019\u00e9lite ayant poss\u00e9d\u00e9 des esclaves \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al … <\/p>\n

Continuer la lecture de « Nos anc\u00eatres esclavagistes, partie 2 »<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles"],"yoast_head":"\r\nNos anc\u00eatres esclavagistes, partie 2 - G\u00e9n\u00e9alogie et histoire du Qu\u00e9bec<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.genealogiequebec.com\/blog\/2021\/07\/14\/nos-ancetres-esclavagistes-partie-2\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nos anc\u00eatres esclavagistes, partie 2 - G\u00e9n\u00e9alogie et histoire du Qu\u00e9bec\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cet article fait suite \u00e0 celui publi\u00e9 le 7 juillet 2021 et vise \u00e0 mettre en \u00e9vidence la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019autochtones et de noirs asservis au sein de la population fran\u00e7aise et anglaise de la vall\u00e9e Laurentienne. 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