{"id":2919,"date":"2021-11-01T16:04:17","date_gmt":"2021-11-01T20:04:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.genealogiequebec.com\/blog\/?p=2919\/"},"modified":"2021-12-22T17:47:40","modified_gmt":"2021-12-22T22:47:40","slug":"letat-civil-quebecois-a-400-ans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.genealogiequebec.com\/blog\/2021\/11\/01\/letat-civil-quebecois-a-400-ans\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019\u00e9tat civil qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois a 400 ans"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Le 24 octobre 2021 marque le 400e anniversaire de l\u2019instauration de l\u2019\u00e9tat civil en Nouvelle-France. En effet, \u00e0 cette date pr\u00e9cise, le p\u00e8re Joseph Denis, cur\u00e9 r\u00e9collet de la paroisse Notre-Dame de Qu\u00e9bec, a baptis\u00e9 Eustache Martin, fils de Marguerite Langlois et d\u2019Abraham Martin dit l\u2019\u00c9cossais [d\u2019o\u00f9 le nom des Plaines d\u2019Abraham \u00e0 Qu\u00e9bec]. Depuis le 17e si\u00e8cle, l\u2019enregistrement des actes est alors confi\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019autorit\u00e9 eccl\u00e9siastique qui applique les ordonnances royales comme la tenue en double des registres \u2013 l\u2019un \u00e9tant conserv\u00e9 par la paroisse, l\u2019autres \u00e9tant d\u00e9pos\u00e9 au greffe de la Pr\u00e9v\u00f4t\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Acte 57096, LAFRANCE, GenealogieQuebec.com<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 compter de 1703, la r\u00e9daction des actes par les cur\u00e9s des paroisses canadiennes est faite selon les r\u00e8gles prescrites par le Rituel du dioc\u00e8se de Qu\u00e9bec. Lors de la cession de la Nouvelle-France \u00e0 l\u2019Angleterre par le Trait\u00e9 de Paris en 1763, les registres paroissiaux demeurent dans la colonie et les autorit\u00e9s coloniales maintiennent les anciennes lois fran\u00e7aises relatives \u00e0 l\u2019enregistrement des actes. En 1774, l\u2019Acte de Qu\u00e9bec confirme la responsabilit\u00e9 du clerg\u00e9 en ce qui concerne la tenue des registres paroissiaux qu\u2019ils soient catholiques ou protestants.

En 1760, les registres anglo-protestants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 introduits au pays \u00e0 la suite de la Conqu\u00eate britannique. Les mariages protestants sont c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9s conform\u00e9ment au Mariage Act, une loi britannique de 1754. Le premier registre est celui de l\u2019Anglican Garrison Church de Montr\u00e9al qui couvre la p\u00e9riode de 1760 \u00e0 1764. Entre 1760 et 1770, des paroisses protestantes sont ouvertes \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res et Sorel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Acte 5585366, LAFRANCE, GenealogieQuebec.com<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 1795, une loi du Parlement du Bas-Canada confirme l\u2019application des ordonnances fran\u00e7aises tout en les adaptant \u00e0 la nouvelle situation du pays. Au cours des deux si\u00e8cles suivants, tr\u00e8s peu de modifications sont apport\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019enregistrement des actes si ce n\u2019est quelques ajustements mineurs d\u00e9coulant de l\u2019adoption d\u2019un nouveau Code civil en 1866. Il faut attendre une centaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es avant que des changements majeurs soient apport\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat civil qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois par l\u2019introduction du mariage civil qui, depuis 1968, peut \u00eatre c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 dans les palais de justice ou autre lieux autoris\u00e9s. Le nombre de diff\u00e9rentes confessionnalit\u00e9s, et par cons\u00e9quent, le nombre de c\u00e9l\u00e9brant.es autoris\u00e9s.es \u00e0 enregistrer les actes \u00e9tant devenus tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9s \u2013 5 417 registres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pos\u00e9s pour l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1989 seulement \u2013 l\u2019adoption d\u2019un nouveau code civil, en 1991, confirme la pr\u00e9rogative de l\u2019\u00c9tat en mati\u00e8re d\u2019enregistrement des actes concernant les registres d\u2019\u00e9tat civil des personnes.

En 1994, le gouvernement met en place un \u00e9tat civil moderne, cr\u00e9e le poste de Directeur de l\u2019\u00e9tat civil et dote le Qu\u00e9bec d\u2019un registre unique non confessionnel. La nouvelle r\u00e9glementation retire aux \u00c9glises l\u2019enregistrement l\u00e9gal des actes de naissance, mariage et d\u00e9c\u00e8s, ceux-ci relevant maintenant de l\u2019\u00c9tat. Bien que la nouvelle r\u00e9glementation soit d\u2019ordre civil, les pr\u00eatres et les ministres desservant les diverses confessionnalit\u00e9s sont toujours consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des officiers de l\u2019\u00e9tat civil pour la c\u00e9l\u00e9bration des mariages religieux m\u00eame si la plupart des unions sont contract\u00e9es devant un officier civil agr\u00e9\u00e9 par le Directeur de l\u2019\u00e9tat civil.

Entre 1621 et 1800, les cur\u00e9s des 159 paroisses catholiques du Qu\u00e9bec ont enregistr\u00e9 690 000 actes qui constituaient l\u2019\u00e9tat civil officiel. Il faut ajouter \u00e0 ces donn\u00e9es quelques milliers d\u2019actes des paroisses protestantes ouvertes au culte \u00e0 compter de 1766. Entre 1800 et 1900, sept millions d\u2019actes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9dig\u00e9s par rapport \u00e0 plus de dix-sept millions pour la p\u00e9riode de 1901 \u00e0 2000. Les archives qu\u00e9b\u00e9coises d\u00e9tiennent aujourd\u2019hui pr\u00e8s de 25 millions d\u2019actes concernant les Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois et les Qu\u00e9b\u00e9coises depuis quatre si\u00e8cles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Consultez tous les registres paroissiaux du Qu\u00e9bec de 1621 aux ann\u00e9es 1940 en vous abonnant \u00e0 G\u00e9n\u00e9alogie Qu\u00e9bec d\u00e8s aujourd’hui!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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L\u2019\u00e9tat civil constitue une source d\u2019information essentielle \u00e0 toute recherche g\u00e9n\u00e9alogique, historique et d\u00e9mographique. La continuit\u00e9 et la qualit\u00e9 des registres paroissiaux qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois sont uniques dans le monde. Les actes de bapt\u00eame, mariage et s\u00e9pulture r\u00e9dig\u00e9s par les autorit\u00e9s eccl\u00e9siastiques depuis le d\u00e9but de la Nouvelle-France ont travers\u00e9 le temps sans trop de lacunes. Il en est de m\u00eame pour la p\u00e9riode qui s\u2019\u00e9tend de 1763 jusqu\u2019au milieu des ann\u00e9es 1990.

Jusqu\u2019en 1994, les actes paroissiaux \u00e9taient librement accessibles aux chercheurs mais ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ferm\u00e9s \u00e0 la consultation avec l\u2019av\u00e8nement des nouvelles dispositions sur l\u2019\u00e9tat civil. Cette situation rend plus difficile la recherche g\u00e9n\u00e9alogique et prive les Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois et les Qu\u00e9b\u00e9coises d\u2019une partie importante de leur m\u00e9moire collective. Les g\u00e9n\u00e9alogistes, dont je suis, comprennent bien que la protection des renseignements personnels est une priorit\u00e9 de la vie moderne mais nos instances administratives ne devraient-elles pas trouver des compromis pour que la recherche en histoire de familles puisse se perp\u00e9tuer afin que les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations actuelles et futures aient l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 d\u2019apprendre d\u2019o\u00f9 nous venons pour savoir o\u00f9 nous allons selon une expression consacr\u00e9e.

Derni\u00e8rement, la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de g\u00e9n\u00e9alogie et le Directeur de l\u2019\u00e9tat civil du Qu\u00e9bec ont tenu des rencontres exploratoires permettant une certaine ouverture quant \u00e0 la consultation des actes de d\u00e9c\u00e8s entre 1994 et 2021. Il est \u00e0 souhaiter que ces discussions permettent la diffusion de certaines informations g\u00e9n\u00e9alogiques tout en respectant la vie priv\u00e9e des Qu\u00e9b\u00e9coises et des Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois. L\u2019\u00e9tat civil qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois demeure une richesse collective essentielle permettant de reconstituer l\u2019histoire des familles qu\u00e9b\u00e9coises \u00e0 travers l\u2019espace et le temps.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marcel Fournier, AIG
Historien et g\u00e9n\u00e9alogiste<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le 24 octobre 2021 marque le 400e anniversaire de l\u2019instauration de l\u2019\u00e9tat civil en Nouvelle-France. En effet, \u00e0 cette date pr\u00e9cise, le p\u00e8re Joseph Denis, cur\u00e9 r\u00e9collet de la paroisse Notre-Dame de Qu\u00e9bec, a baptis\u00e9 Eustache Martin, fils de Marguerite Langlois et d\u2019Abraham Martin dit l\u2019\u00c9cossais [d\u2019o\u00f9 le nom des Plaines d\u2019Abraham \u00e0 Qu\u00e9bec]. Depuis … <\/p>\n

Continuer la lecture de « L\u2019\u00e9tat civil qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois a 400 ans »<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles"],"yoast_head":"\r\nL\u2019\u00e9tat civil qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois a 400 ans - G\u00e9n\u00e9alogie et histoire du Qu\u00e9bec<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.genealogiequebec.com\/blog\/2021\/11\/01\/letat-civil-quebecois-a-400-ans\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019\u00e9tat civil qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois a 400 ans - G\u00e9n\u00e9alogie et histoire du Qu\u00e9bec\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le 24 octobre 2021 marque le 400e anniversaire de l\u2019instauration de l\u2019\u00e9tat civil en Nouvelle-France. 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