{"id":349,"date":"2017-11-29T12:51:23","date_gmt":"2017-11-29T17:51:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.genealogiequebec.com\/blog\/?p=349\/"},"modified":"2021-03-23T16:01:49","modified_gmt":"2021-03-23T20:01:49","slug":"mortalite-du-quebec-sous-le-regime-francais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.genealogiequebec.com\/blog\/2017\/11\/29\/mortalite-du-quebec-sous-le-regime-francais\/","title":{"rendered":"Mortalit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec sous le R\u00e9gime Fran\u00e7ais"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Dans une premi\u00e8re chronique<\/a><\/span>, nous avons montr\u00e9 avec la fiche de la famille de Joseph Landry dit Penot et Marie Jos\u00e8phe Coron dite Dauphinais comment la \u00ab\u00a0reconstitution (ou reconstruction) des familles<\/a> \u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le rassemblement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle d\u2019une famille de tous les \u00e9v\u00e9nements d\u00e9mographiques concernant ses membres, permet de jeter un \u00e9clairage fascinant sur les conditions de vie de nos anc\u00eatres. Ce couple exceptionnel form\u00e9 en 1778 a eu en effet pas moins de 25 enfants, exemple limite d\u2019une f\u00e9condit\u00e9 se r\u00e9alisant en l\u2019absence de toute forme de limitation des naissances. <\/span><\/p>\n

Un tel contexte, o\u00f9 les enfants \u00e9taient beaucoup plus nombreux qu\u2019aujourd\u2019hui, serait rapidement devenu insoutenable en raison du rythme d\u2019accroissement de la population qui en r\u00e9sulte s\u2019il n\u2019y avait pas eu compensation par le biais de conditions de mortalit\u00e9 qui ne manquent pas de frapper l\u2019imagination. En effet, avec cette d\u00e9mographie dite d\u2019Ancien R\u00e9gime, la mort \u00e9tait omnipr\u00e9sente dans l\u2019esprit de nos anc\u00eatres\u00a0: contrairement \u00e0 aujourd\u2019hui o\u00f9 les d\u00e9c\u00e8s se concentrent aux \u00e2ges les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s, la mort frappait \u00e0 tous les \u00e2ges. Le taux de mortalit\u00e9 infantile (d\u00e9c\u00e8s avant un an) \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9\u00a0et les enfants qui survivaient \u00e9taient ensuite tr\u00e8s vuln\u00e9rables aux maladies et aux accidents; \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge adulte, on \u00e9tait un \u00ab vieillard \u00bb d\u00e8s la cinquantaine. Les hommes et les femmes mouraient de malnutrition, d\u2019accidents de travail, de manque d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne ainsi que de la maladie, dont des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies comme la variole qui ravagent une grande partie de la population. En p\u00e9riode de disette, le nombre de d\u00e9c\u00e8s est encore amplifi\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les informations collig\u00e9es par le PRDH<\/a> permettent de chiffrer ces conditions. Au tout premier plan se situe la mortalit\u00e9 infantile, celle qui d\u00e9cime les enfants d\u00e8s leur plus jeune \u00e2ge. Entre le quart et le tiers des enfants n\u00e9s sous le R\u00e9gime fran\u00e7ais sont d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s avant un an, avec une hausse tout au long de la p\u00e9riode, dans les villes en particulier. La mortalit\u00e9 infantile est en effet li\u00e9e entre autres aux conditions d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne et donc aux effets d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8res de la promiscuit\u00e9. Le triste record en la mati\u00e8re est d\u2019ailleurs d\u00e9tenu par Montr\u00e9al, o\u00f9 pr\u00e8s de 50% des enfants n\u00e9s dans les derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies de la p\u00e9riode sont d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s avant d\u2019atteindre leur premier anniversaire. Plusieurs pointes survenaient ainsi, gr\u00e9 des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies, disettes ou guerres. Comme la mortalit\u00e9 \u00e9tait loin d\u2019\u00eatre n\u00e9gligeable dans l\u2019enfance, en d\u00e9finitive, moins de la moiti\u00e9 des naissances menaient \u00e0 une personne atteignant l\u2019\u00e2ge au mariage, soit environ 20 ans pour les femmes et 25 ans pour les hommes.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Fiche de famille tir\u00e9e du PRDH<\/a>. Les enfants d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s avant l’\u00e2ge d’un an sont soulign\u00e9s en rouge.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

S\u2019\u00e9tant mari\u00e9, disons \u00e0 25 ans, un homme vivait en moyenne 39 ann\u00e9es de plus, soit jusqu\u2019\u00e0 64 ans, et une femme mari\u00e9e \u00e0 20 ans vivait aussi 39 ann\u00e9es de plus, soit jusqu\u2019\u00e0 59 ans. Pourquoi cet \u00e9cart? Parce que 1,5% des accouchements provoquaient le d\u00e9c\u00e8s de la m\u00e8re, de sorte qu\u2019en raison de la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition de ce risque sur plusieurs accouchements, c\u2019est pr\u00e8s de 12% des femmes qui mouraient pr\u00e9matur\u00e9ment en couches. Cons\u00e9quence pratique de cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9\u00a0: les unions duraient nettement moins longtemps qu\u2019aujourd\u2019hui, \u00e0 peine la moiti\u00e9 des couples par exemple c\u00e9l\u00e9brant leurs noces d\u2019argent, d\u2019o\u00f9 de fr\u00e9quents remariages, la pr\u00e9sence de deux parents \u00e9tant essentielle pour \u00e9lever une famille nombreuse.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vous connaissez maintenant les grandes lignes des conditions de mortalit\u00e9 aux XVIIe et XVIIIe si\u00e8cles. Comment s\u2019y comparent celles que vous constatez chez vos anc\u00eatres? \u00a0Attention! Vous constaterez probablement qu\u2019ils s\u2019en sont plut\u00f4t bien tir\u00e9s par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble. C\u2019est que pour que vous soyez l\u00e0 pour vous int\u00e9resser \u00e0 eux, ils doivent avoir descendance jusqu\u2019\u00e0 nos jours, r\u00e9ussite \u00e9videmment li\u00e9e \u00e0 leur survie et \u00e0 celles de leurs enfants\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Bertrand et Fran\u00e7ois Desjardins<\/span><\/p>\n

Novembre 2017<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans une premi\u00e8re chronique, nous avons montr\u00e9 avec la fiche de la famille de Joseph Landry dit Penot et Marie Jos\u00e8phe Coron dite Dauphinais comment la \u00ab\u00a0reconstitution (ou reconstruction) des familles \u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le rassemblement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle d\u2019une famille de tous les \u00e9v\u00e9nements d\u00e9mographiques concernant ses membres, permet de jeter un \u00e9clairage fascinant sur les … <\/p>\n

Continuer la lecture de « Mortalit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec sous le R\u00e9gime Fran\u00e7ais »<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles"],"yoast_head":"\r\nMortalit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec sous le R\u00e9gime Fran\u00e7ais - G\u00e9n\u00e9alogie et histoire du Qu\u00e9bec<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.genealogiequebec.com\/blog\/2017\/11\/29\/mortalite-du-quebec-sous-le-regime-francais\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mortalit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec sous 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