An update has been applied to the Acadia – Families tool, one of the 15 collections available to Genealogy Quebec subscribers.
Some 11,453 family files were added through this update.
What is the Acadia – Families tool?
The Acadia – Families tool contains 141,795 family files based on original Acadian records.
Currently, these records span from the beginning of the Acadian colony to the end of 1849. In addition, 33 locations covering from 1850 to the end of the available registers are included. A list of these locations as well as a more detailed overview of the collection are available on the Drouin Institute’s blog.
The files compile the information available about a family unit. They usually contain the names and first names of the parents, the first name of the child, the dates of birth and/or baptism, death and/or burial, and marriage (a total of 263,905 events), as well as the parish. Links to the original church documents pertaining to the baptisms, marriages and burials mentioned in the file are also often available.
Family file from the Acadia – Families tool. The blue links lead to the original documents.
Over 500,000 newspaper obituaries from Ontario, Quebec and the United States have been added to the Obituary Section, one of 15 collections available to Genealogy Quebec subscribers.
Here is a list of the sources (place or publication) of these new death notices:
Brockville, Ontario
Chesterville, Morrisburg and Winchester, Ontario (mostly 2003 to 2007)
Evening Citizen, Ottawa, Ontario (1949)
Journal de Montréal, Quebec
Journaux de Tampa Bay, Florida (2000s)
Valleyfield, Quebec (2000s)
La Nouvelle, Ontario (2001)
Le Carillon d’Hawkesbury, Ontario (1980s and 1990s)
Le Droit d’Ottawa, Ontario (21st century)
Le Quotidien de Chicoutimi, Quebec (1999 to 2006)
Le Reflet, Lachute, Quebec
Massena Observer, New York (2002 to 2005)
Northern Times, Kapuskasing, Ontario (1990s and 2000s)
Ogdensburg and Watertown, New York
Ottawa Citizen, Ontario (1990 to 2018)
Cornwall Standard Freeholder, Ontario (1904 to 2017)
Sudbury Voyageur, Ontario (1980s, 1990s and 2000s)
The Glengarry News, Ontario
The Vision, Prescott Russell County, Ontario
Women Dixon Institute, Cornwall, Ontario.
Ontario death notices from the Cayer Collection (1960 to 2010)
These death notices are indexed by the first and last name of the subject as well as the date of death. You may browse them with a subscription to Genealogy Quebec at this address.
Please note that the original document is missing for some obituaries. The missing images will be added as soon as possible.
The Obituary section
This section contains most of the obituaries, memorial cards and headstones available on Genealogy Quebec. It is divided in 4 sub-sections:
Internet obituaries, which contains over 2.5 million obituaries published online from 1999 to today.
Newspaper obituaries, which now contains 1,250,000 newspaper obituaries published between 1860 and today.
Tombstones, which contains more than 710,000 pictures of headstones from hundreds of cemeteries in Quebec and Ontario.
Memorial cards, which contains tens of thousands of memorial cards published between 1860 and today.
These collections are indexed and can be explored using a search engine.
You may browse these documents as well as tens of millions images and files of genealogical and historical relevance by subscribing to Genealogy Quebec.
To conclude, we would like to thank Généalogie et Archives St-Laurent and particularly Norbert Lussier, who is to thank for this incredible collection of obituaries.
Over 1.7 million marriages dating from 1850 to today have been added to the LAFRANCE, one of the 15 tools available to Genealogy Quebec subscribers. These marriages were transferred from the NBMDS and Connolly File collections.
Search results from the LAFRANCE showing some of the new records
Here are the locations and periods covered by these marriages:
1,450,000 Quebec Catholic marriages from 1919 to today
80,926 Quebec civil marriages from 1969 to today
140,000 Ontario marriages from 1850 to today
38,000 marriages from the United States
3,000 Quebec Protestant marriages from 1850 to 1941
17,002 miscellaneous Quebec marriages from 2018 and 2019
Name standardisation and the resemblance function
The LAFRANCEhas a significative advantage over the other tools available on Genealogy Quebec, as its search engine is equipped with name standardisation and the resemblance function
When searching in the LAFRANCE, name standardisation ensures that a name is associated with all of its variants. For example, a query for an individual with the surname Gauthier will prompt the search engine to look through the database for any mention of the name Gauthier as well as any of its variations, such as Gautier, Gaulthier, Gotier, etc. Thus, it isn’t necessary to manually search for multiple variants of a name when using the LAFRANCE, unlike on the NBMDS and Connolly tools.
Standardisation of the Lavoie surname in the LAFRANCE
In addition to name standardisation, the LAFRANCE is equipped with the resemblance function, which allows you to search for a name and any other name that resembles it with a single query. The resemblance function differs from name standardisation because it not only includes all of the variants of a name, but also all of the names that are similar to it in terms of pronunciation and spelling. For example, a search for Gauthier, which will include all of the variants listed earlier, will also include the names Gonthier, Vauthier, Gouthier, Authier as well as their numerous variations.
Centralization
A fairly obvious benefit of adding these records to the LAFRANCE is having more documents centralized in a single tool. This allows our subscribers to carry out more efficient and rapid searches on the site, without having to jump around between collections. With that in mind, we plan to transfer a large number of documents to the LAFRANCE in the months to come.
Corrections
We took the opportunity presented by this transfer of records to systematically correct them. As such, the names of the parishes associated with the records have been standardized, numerous name entry errors have been corrected, and all duplicated records have been deleted. Therefore, the copy of these records which is currently in the LAFRANCE is of much better quality than the one previously available on the website.
In conclusion, the standardisation of names, the resemblance function, and the correction and centralization of these records has made them much easier to search and access on the site.
More about the LAFRANCE
In addition to these newly added records, the LAFRANCEcontains ALL of Quebec’s Catholic marriages from 1621 to 1918, ALL of Quebec’s Catholic baptisms and burials from 1621 to 1861, ALL of Quebec’s Protestant marriages from 1760 to 1849 as well as over 68 000 additional BMD records from 1861 to 2008. You will find more information about the LAFRANCE on the Drouin Institute’s blog.
You may browse the LAFRANCE as well as tens of millions of documents of genealogical and historical significance by subscribing to Genealogy Quebec today!
Finding the original document associated with a record
For now, the marriages added to the LAFRANCE through this update are not linked to the original document from which they are sourced. However, as a Genealogy Quebec subscriber, you have access to all of Quebec’s parish registers up to the 1940s in the Drouin Collection Records. Therefore, you can find the original document associated with a record if it dates from before the mid-1940s.
To illustrate the process of finding a document in the Drouin Collection, we will use the marriage record of Clovis Desjardins and Corinne Dufour, celebrated in St-Sauveur-Des-Monts on February 4th, 1925.
Clovis and Corinne’s marriage as presented on the LAFRANCE
First, we head over to theDrouin Collection Records tool, where Quebec’s parish registers are located. You will notice that the registers are sorted by location. As the document we are trying to find was recorded in Quebec, it is in that folder that we will carry out our research. The collection that interests us, that is, the civil copy of all of Quebec’s parish registers up to the 1940s, is found under the Fonds Drouin folder.
Some parishes are listed under the name of the city they are located in, while others will be listed under the name of the parish itself. In the case of St-Sauveur-Des-Monts, the parish and the city bear the same name.
Once inside the parish’s folder, we must navigate to the correct year, which will give us access to all the images associated with that register for that specific year. It is important to know that in general, the images are listed in chronological order. This means that the first image in the folder will contain the first events recorded during the year, which are usually the ones from January. Similarly, the last few images in the folder will be those from the end of the year. As Clovis Desjardins and Corinne Dufour’s marriage took place early in the year in February, we can expect to find it among the first images of 1925.
And with that, we were able to find the source document associated with one of the newly added LAFRANCE marriages.
2020, as difficult as it was, will have been a productive year for the Drouin Institute, with the continuation of our efforts to digitize, index and democratize historical and genealogical data in Quebec and beyond. Over the past 12 months, more than 500,000 new files and images were made available on Genealogy Quebec. Here is an overview of these additions.
The LAFRANCE
Last year, we completed the addition to the LAFRANCE of all of Quebec’s Catholic baptisms and burials up to 1861. Our focus this year shifted to Ontario and Acadia, as well as the Protestant baptisms and burials of Quebec. In addition, our indexing efforts included parish records pertaining to Indigenous peoples of Quebec, a particularly complex task given the variety of surnames used in these records.
63,356 baptisms, 51,900 marriages and 32,418 burialswere added to the Connolly File in 2020, bringing the total number of records in the collection to over 6.7 million.
The Connolly File is an index of Catholic and Protestant baptisms, marriages and burials from Quebec and part of the United States covering a period extending from 1621 to 2019.
Seven historical newspapers and 5000 wedding photos were added to the Drouin Institute’s Miscellaneous Collections in 2020. Here are the papers that were added:
Écho d’Iberville (1880 to 1882 and 1919 – 1920)
La Voix du Peuple (1880)
L’Alliance (1893 – 1894)
L’Essor (1968 to 1970)
Le Protectionniste (1882 – 1883)
Le Courrier de St-Jean (1887 and 1896 to 1909)
The Chesterville Record (1894 to 1939 and 1978)
You may browse them in the Miscellaneous Collections under the 23 – Journaux anciens folder. As for the wedding photos, they can be found under the26 – Généalogie Saint-Laurent – Cornwall, Ontario folder.
The Drouin Institute’s Miscellaneous Collections contain a mix of images, documents, books, pictures and directories of historical and genealogical significance.
26,392 parish register images were added to the Drouin Collection Records this year. These images are from the register of Notre-Dame-de-Montréal (church copy), which can be found under the Registres paroissiaux 1621-1876 folder in the Drouin Collection, and from73 protestant parishes of the Montreal region, this time under the Registres non-catholiques 1760-1885 folder.
The Drouin Collection Records contain 5,208,563 images of parish registers from Quebec, Ontario, Acadia, New Brunswick and the Northeast of the United States.
The weekly addition of internet obituaries continued throughout 2020, with now more than 2,550,000 obituaries from across Canada available in this collection.
These cover a period extending from 1999 to today.
Newspaper obituaries
25,000 death notices sourced from Quebec newspapers were added to Genealogy Quebec in May 2020.
These new obituaries date, for the most part, from the 21st century and more specifically the year 2019.
Tombstones
Finally, some 98,433 new tombstones were made available on the website in 2020.
This collection now contains over 710,000 headstones. A search engine allows browsing via the names and text inscribed on the stone.
35,000 family files were added to the Acadia – Families tool during the year, which contains 130,342 files pertaining to Acadian individuals.
The files contain the names and first names of the parents, the name of the child, the dates of birth and/or baptism, death and/or burial, and marriage, as well as the parish. Links to the original documents of baptism, marriage and burial mentioned are usually available.
24,283 new baptism, marriage and burial records are now available on the LAFRANCE, one of the 15 tools offered to Genealogy Quebec subscribers.
These new parish records are from Quebec, Acadia and Ontario.
Sault-St-Louis (Kahnawake) and St-Régis (First nations)
6,714 baptism and burial records from the missions of Sault-St-Louis and St-Régis have been added to the LAFRANCE. These records pertain to individuals from the First Nations and date from 1769 to 1861.
The table below shows the number of records added by parish, type of record and date range.
Parish
Type of record
Min year
Max year
Added records
Ascot (Universalist Church)
b
1833
1855
64
Ascot (Universalist Church)
m
1850
1859
151
Ascot (Universalist Church)
s
1845
1859
109
Frelighsburg (Anglican Church, Holy Trinity)
m
1850
1861
28
Granby (Anglican Church)
b
1844
1861
430
Granby (Anglican Church)
m
1850
1861
53
Granby (Anglican Church)
s
1844
1861
113
Granby (Congregational Church)
b
1842
1854
87
Granby (Congregational Church)
m
1850
1854
29
Granby (Congregational Church)
s
1842
1853
41
Granby (Granby & Milton) (Anglican Church)
b
1850
1852
64
Granby (Granby & Milton) (Anglican Church)
m
1850
1852
21
Granby (Granby & Milton) (Anglican Church)
s
1850
1852
15
Granby (Granby & Milton) (Methodist Church)
b
1843
1843
15
Granby (Granby & Milton) (Methodist Church)
s
1843
1843
2
Granby (Methodist Church)
b
1857
1861
50
Granby (Methodist Church)
m
1857
1861
28
Granby (Methodist Church)
s
1857
1861
13
Lennoxville (Church of England)
b
1827
1861
299
Lennoxville (Church of England)
m
1850
1861
46
Lennoxville (Church of England)
s
1827
1861
85
Roxton (Roxton & Milton) (Anglican Church)
b
1853
1861
89
Roxton (Roxton & Milton) (Anglican Church)
m
1853
1861
24
Roxton (Roxton & Milton) (Anglican Church)
s
1853
1861
22
Sherbrooke (Congregational Church)
b
1838
1861
137
Sherbrooke (Congregational Church)
m
1851
1861
60
Sherbrooke (Congregational Church)
s
1838
1861
11
Sorel (Anglican, Christ Church)
b
1796
1861
1268
Sorel (Anglican, Christ Church)
m
1839
1861
59
Sorel (Anglican, Christ Church)
s
1796
1861
904
Trois-Rivières (Congrégation protestante)
b
1768
1861
945
Trois-Rivières (Congrégation protestante)
m
1850
1861
33
Trois-Rivières (Congrégation protestante)
s
1769
1861
784
b = baptism, m = marriage, s = burial
Acadia
On to Acadia, where 11,605 baptism, marriage and burial records dating from 1721 to 1861 have been added to the LAFRANCE. These are from Caraquet, Memramcook, Petit-Rocher and Ile-St-Jean.
Finally, it is in Chatham, Ontario that we conclude the overview of this update, with the addition of 1,503 baptism, marriage and burial records dated 1850 to 1861.
These records can be browsed in the LAFRANCE, which also contains ALL of Quebec’s Catholic marriages from 1621 to 1918, ALL of Quebec’s Catholic baptisms and burials from 1621 to 1861, ALL of Quebec’s Protestant marriages from 1760 to 1849 as well as over 68 000 additional BMD records from 1861 to 2008. You will find more information about the LAFRANCE on the Drouin Institute’s blog.
42 057 headstone were added to the Obituary section, one of the 15 tools available to Genealogy Quebec subscribers.
These new images bring the total number of tombstones available on the website to over 712 000. Here are the cemeteries that were added or completed in this update:
Ripon, comté Papineau, Québec Rivière-du-Loup, Cim des Clarisses, comté Rivière-du-Loup, Québec Sarsfield, Ontario Scott, comté de Beauce, Québec Shawinigan, St-Joseph, comté St-Maurice, Québec Sherbrooke, cimetière de Saint-Michel, comté de Sherbrooke, Québec St-Agapit, comté de Lotbinière, Québec St-Alban, comté de Portneuf, Québec St-Albert-de-Warwick, Comté Arthabaska, Québec St-Alexandre, 2eme, comté Kamouraska, Québec St-Anaclet-de-Lessard, comté Rimouski, Québec St-Antonin, comté Kamouraska, Québec St-Augustin de Desmaures, comté Portneuf, Québec St-Augustin de Desmaures, comté Portneuf, Québec St-Camille-de-Lellis, comté de Bellechasse, Québec Ste-Agathe, comté de Lotbinière, Québec Ste-Blandine, comté de Rimouski, Québec Ste-Brigitte-de-Laval, comté de Montmorency, Québec Ste-Clothilde-de-Horton, comté Arthabaska, Québec Ste-Elisabeth-de-Warwick, comté Arthabaska, Québec Ste-Hélène, comté de Bagot, Québec St-Elzéar, comté Témiscouata, Québec Ste-Marguerite-de-Lingwick, comté de Beauce, Québec Ste-Perpétue, comté Nicolet, Québec Ste-Rosalie, comté de Bagot, Québec Ste-Rose de Poularies, comté Abitibi, Québec St-Eugène, comté L’Islet, Québec St-Félix-de-Valois, comté Joliette, Québec St-Féréol-les-Neiges, comté Charlevoix, Québec St-Frédéric, comté de Beauce, Québec St-Gabriel-de-Valcartier (catholique), comté Québec, Québec St-Georges, comté Champlain, Québec St-Grégoire, comté de Montmorency, Québec St-Jean-de-Dieu, comté Rivière-du-Loup, Québec St-Jules, comté de Beauce, Québec St-Louis de France, comté Champlain, Quebec St-Luc, comté de Bellechasse, Québec St-Philémon, comté Bellechasse, Québec Sts-Anges, comté de Beauce, Québec St-Tite, comté de Champlain, Québec St-Tite-des-Caps, comté Charlevoix, Québec Thetford Mines, St-Alphonse, comté de Mégantic, Québec Thetford Mines, St-Maurice, comté de Mégantic, Québec Thurso, comté Papineau, Québec Tring-Jonction, comté de Beauce, Québec Trois-Rivières, St-Michel, comté St-Maurice, Québec Val-Bélair (St-Gérard-Magella), comté Québec, Québec Vallée-Jonction, comté de Beauce, Québec
Headstones on Genealogy Quebec
Every headstone available on Genealogy Quebec has been indexed and can be consulted in the Obituary section. The collection can be searched by last name and by the text written on the stone.
Clicking on a result will bring up the picture of the stone.
The Obituary section also contains 3 additional collections:
Internet obituaries, which contains 2.6 million obituaries published online from 1999 to today.
Newspaper obituaries, which contains over 700 000 obituaries from newspapers published between 1860 and today.
Memorial cards, which contains tens of thousands of memorial cards published between 1860 and today.
All of these collections are indexed and can be explored using a search engine.
The Obituary section may be browsed with a subscription to Genealogy Quebec at this address.
What is Genealogy Quebec?
Genealogy Quebec is a subscription based research website regrouping all of the collections and tools developed by the Drouin Institute over the course of its existence.
The website’s 15 tools and collections total for over 46 million images and files covering all of Quebec as well as part of the United States, Ontario and Acadia from 1621 to this day. Genealogy Quebec is by far the largest collection of Quebec genealogical and historical documents on the Web.
These records can be browsed in the LAFRANCE, which also contains ALL of Quebec’s Catholic marriages from 1621 to 1918, ALL of Quebec’s Catholic baptisms and burials from 1621 to 1861 as well as ALL of Quebec’s Protestant marriages from 1760 to 1849. You will find more information about the LAFRANCE on the Drouin Institute’s blog.
Last Tuesday, the Drouin Institute was featured on Salut Bonjour, the most popular morning show in Quebec. If you missed it, you can view the segment by clicking on the image below (please note that it is in French).
26 392 parish register images have been added to the Drouin Collection Records, one of the 15 tools available to Genealogy Quebec subscribers.
Notre-Dame de Montréal (Parish registers 1621-1876)
4173 images from the register of Notre-Dame de Montréal dated between 1705 and 1792 were added to the Registre paroissiaux 1621-1876 collection, which contains the religious copy of Quebec’s parish registers for the period in question. The civil copy of these same registers is also available on Genealogy Quebec.
You may browse them with a subscription to Genealogy Quebec in the Drouin Collection Records under the Québec/Registres non-catholiques 1760-1885/ folder.
Quebec parish registers available in the Drouin Collection
The Drouin Collection Records is a collection of images of parish registers (baptisms, burials and marriages) as well as other documents of historical and genealogical significance. It covers all of Quebec and French Acadia as well as parts of Ontario, New Brunswick and the Northeastern United States.
This massive collection contains the entirety of Quebec’s civil registry from 1621 to the 1940s, which encompasses the vast majority of individuals who lived in the province during that period, making it an invaluable tool for genealogical research.
The parish registers of Quebec available in this collection are organized under different subsections.
Fonds Drouin
The Fonds Drouin folder contains all of Quebec’s parish registers, from their inception in 1621 all the way to the 1940s and even sometimes 1967, depending on the parish.
It is on this collection that the LAFRANCEindex, another one of the multiple tools available to Genealogy Quebec subscribers, is based. The LAFRANCE index contains all of Quebec’s Catholic baptisms and burials between 1621 and 1861, all of Quebec’s Catholic marriages between 1621 and 1919, and all of Quebec’s Protestant marriages between 1760 and 1849.
The Registres paroissiaux 1621-1876 (Parish registers 1621-1876) folder contains the parish registers of Quebec from 1621 to 1876. However, these are not the same images as those available under the Fonds Drouin folder.
Historically, a parish priest in charge of recording baptisms, marriages and burials had to produce two copies of his register. One copy was kept at the church, and the other was sent to the court office, the so-called civil copy. The copy in the Fonds Drouin folder of the Drouin Collection Records is this civil copy, while the one in the Registres paroissiaux 1621-1876 (Parish registers 1621-1876) folder is the religious copy kept in the church.
The Registres non-catholiques 1760-1885 folder contains the registers of various Quebec non-Catholic parishes from 1760 to 1885.
Most of these registers are also available in the Fonds Drouin folder, but the version available in Registres non-catholiques 1760-1885 was photographed more recently and may prove useful if the Fonds Drouin copy is of poor quality.
The Registres québécois, Actes découpés folder contains cropped records taken from various parish registers in Abitibi-Témiscamingue as well as the Gaspé Peninsula. What differentiates these records is that they are individually cropped from the parish register, often making them easier to browse and read.
Registres québécois, Série 4000 (1801-2008) (Série 4000 Quebec registers (1801-2008))
The Série 4000 contains parish registers from various regions in Quebec, mainly the Gaspé Peninsula, Mauricie, the Laurentians, the Eastern Townships and Outaouais. These registers cover from the beginning of the 19th century up to 2008.
You may browse all of these parish registers and much more by subscribing to Genealogy Quebec today!
5600 wedding photos as well as the Chesterville Record, a newspaper from Ontario, were recently added to Genealogy Quebec.
The Chesterville Record
The Chersterville Record is an English-language newspaper from Ontario digitized with the collaboration of Généalogie et archives Saint-Laurent inc., a genealogical society located in Cornwall, Ontario. This collection spans from 1894 to 1939 and also includes the year 1978.
These 11 893 new images can be browsed in the Drouin Institute’s Miscellaneous Collections, one of 15 tools available to Genealogy Quebec subscribers, under the “23 – Journaux Anciens” folder. This new publication adds to the many newspapers already available in the section:
Commercial Gazette (Montréal)
Daily Witness (Montréal)
La Chronique de la Vallée du St-Maurice
La Minerve
La Semaine (Québec)
La Tribune Canadienne (Montréal)
La Vie Illustrée (Montréal)
L’Action Canadienne
L’Avant-Garde
L’Avenir de Quebec
Le Canada-Français
Le Carillon (Québec)
Le Castor (Québec)
Le Charivari (Québec)
Le National (Montréal)
Le Progrès du Golfe
Le Semeur Canadien (Montréal)
Le Trésor des Familles (Québec)
L’Obligation (Montréal)
L’Opinion Publique (Montréal)
L’Union de Woonsocket
L’Union des Cantons de l’Est (Arthabaskaville)
Midi-Presse (Montreal)
Paris-Canada (Montréal)
The Advertiser
The Canadian Jewish Review
The Dominion Illustrated News (Montréal)
The Inquirer (Trois-Rivières)
The Quebec Gazette
Écho d’Iberville
La Voix du Peuple
L’Alliance
L’Essor
Le Protectionniste
Le Courrier de St-Jean
Wedding photos
5600 wedding photos, mainly from Ontario and Quebec, have been added to the Drouin Miscellaneous Collections under the folder “26 – Généalogie Saint-Laurent – Cornwall, Ontario“. These photos are indexed under the surname and the first name of the groom.
The Drouin Miscellaneous Collections are also home to a variety of historical documents and archives such as letters, parish archives, postcards, biographies, judicial and municipal archives, and much more!
It is a must-see section of the website for those with a passion for history. You may browse it with a subscription to Genealogy Quebec at this address.
Some 56 376 headstone pictures were added to the Obituary section, one of the 15 tools available to Genealogy Quebec subscribers.
These new images bring the total number of tombstones available on the website to over 668 000. Here are the cemeteries that were added or completed in this update:
Every headstone available on Genealogy Quebec has been indexed and can be consulted in the Obituary section. The collection can be searched by last name and by the text written on the stone.
Click on the result you are interested in to view a picture of the stone.
The Obituary section also contains 3 other collections:
Internet obituaries, which contains obituaries published online from 1999 to today.
Newspaper obituaries, which contains obituaries from newspapers published between 1860 and today.
Memorial cards, which contains tens of thousands of memorial cards published between 1860 and today.
All of these collections are indexed and can be explored using a search engine.
The Obituary section may be browsed with a subscription to Genealogy Quebec at this address.
What is Genealogy Quebec?
Genealogy Quebec is a subscription based research website regrouping all of the collections and tools developed by the Drouin Institute over the course of its existence.
The website’s 15 tools and collections total for over 45 million images and files covering all of Quebec as well as part of the United States, Ontario and Acadia from 1621 to this day. Genealogy Quebec is by far the largest collection of Quebec genealogical and historical documents on the Web.
